Official Record - Richmond Howitzer Battery - Manned by Negroes - Aug. 11, 1861
Official Record
Series I, Volume IV, page 568
Report of Colonel John W. Phelps, 1st Vermont Infantry
"They--the enemy-talked of having 9,000 men. They had twenty pieces of artillery, among which was the Richmond Howitzer Battery, manned by negroes."
Col. John Wolcott Phelps, U.S. Army
Editor's Note: Any serious student of the armed conflict of the War of 1861-1865 respects the "OR" as a legitimate source. This is one of numerous entries involving Black Confederates.
